manjavayil maranangliloode oru yathra

manjavayil maranangalilode

aª-sh-bn ac-W-§Ä þ Ncn-{X-¯nsâ \S-h-gn-IÄ

kptcjv ]\-§mSv

_\ym-ansâ aª-sh-bn ac-W-§Ä tIc-f-¯nsâ ]qÀÆ-Im-e-N-cn-{X-¯nsâ Xa-kvI-cn-¡-s¸« GSp-Isf Ipdn-¨pÅ HmÀ½-s¸-Sp-¯-em-Wv. Imem-Im-e-§-fmbn Xe-ap-d-I-fn \n¶pw Xe-ap-d-I-fn-te¡v ]dªpw ]Tn-¸n¨pw sImSp-¯-Xà Adn-tb-­p¶ bYmÀ°-N-cn{Xw F¶pw Fgp-Xn-h-bv¡-s¸« Ncn{X¯n\p-a-¸pdw C§n\n hos­-Sp-¡m-\m-hmsX Ime-¯nsâ Xtam-a-b-KÀ¯-§-fn B­p-t]mb Ht«sd ]mT-t`-Z-§-fmWv bYmÀ°-N-cn-{X-sa¶v Hcp sR«-temsS HmÀ½-s¸-Sp-¯p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p-­v, aª-sh-bn ac-W-§Ä. ka-Im-eo\ hÀ¯-am-\-Im-e-¯n \n¶p-sIm­v hfsc tIm­w-s]-d-dnbpw B[p-\n-I-hp-amb Pohn-X-km-l-N-cy-§-fn s]cp-am-dn-h-cp¶ IYm-]m-{X-§-Ä X§-fpsS kXz-þ-B-ßm-t\z-j-W-¯nsâ `mK-ambn  F¯n-s¸-Sp-¶Xv ]nXm-¡-·m-cpsS temI-¯m-Wv, AsÃ-¦n Ime-¯nsâ ]nt¶m-«pÅ bm{X-bnse AÚm-X-amb Nne Øe-cmin-I-fn-em-Wv.  hÀ¯-am-\-Ime ktµ-l-§-fpsS D¯-c-§-Ä AhÀ¡v shfn-hm-¡n-s¡m-Sp-¡p-¶Xv Ncn-{X-¯nsâ  CXp-hsc ImWm¯ Hcp apJ-am-Wv. Bcpw ImWmsX t]mb Ncn-{X-¯nsâ Nne Zim-k-Ôn-Isf AS-bm-f-s¸-Sp-¯p-I-bpw Hcp \ntbmKw t]mse AXnsâ \qen-g-I-Ä Fhn-sSm-¡-tbm, Bsc-sbm-¡tbm _Ôn-¸n-¨p-sIm­v IS-¶p-t]m-hp¶p F¶pw Ncn{Xw Hcn-¡epw Ah-km-\n-¡p-¶nà F¶pw AXv Hcp cq]-¯n-e-sÃ-¦n addv Hcp cq]-¯n BhÀ¯n-¨p-sIm-­n-cn-¡p¶p F¶pw Cu t\mh HÀ½n-¸n-¡p-¶p.

Ncn-{X-¯n \n¶pw hos­-Sp¯ Nne kw`-h-§sf B[m-c-am¡n cNn-¡-s¸« t\mh F¶ \ne-bn thWsa¦n aª-sh-bn acW§sf Ncn-{Xm-Jym-bnI F¶p ]d-bmw. Ncn-{X-¯n cqV-aq-e-am-bn-cn-¡p¶ Nne thcp-I-fn-emWv t\mh hfÀ¶p-Ib-dn-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.  F¶m ]qÀ®-ambpw Ncn-{X-¯nsâ BJym-\-hp-a-Ã.  kn.-hn.-bpsS t\mhÂ{X-b-§-fn-se-¶-t]m-se-tbm, Cu.-hn-bp-tStbm, ssh¡-¯n-sâ-tbm, ap³Ime Ncn-{Xm-Jym-bn-I-I-fn-se-¶-t]m-se-tbm, KX-Im-e-N-cn-{X-¯nse {]i-kvXhpw {]m[m-\y-hp-ap-Å-Xp-amb kw`-h-§-sf-tbm, Ncn-{X-]p-cp-j-cpsStbm Pohn-X-s¯tbm Bkv]-Z-am¡n krjvSn-s¨-Sp¯ t\mh-e-Ã, XoÀ¨-bmbpw aª-sh-bn ac-W-§Ä.  ]t£, Cu t\mh-en-emsI `qX-Im-e-þ-hÀ¯am-\-Im-e-N-cn-{X-§Ä CS-]-SÀ¶p-In-S-¡p-¶p.  ]e-t¸mgpw hÀ¯-am-\-Im-e-N-cn-{X-¯n hmb-\-¡m-csâ t_m[-a-WvUew sXm«-dn-ªn-«pÅ bmYmÀ°yw FhnsS h¨mWv `mh-\-bv¡v, ^nIvj\v hgn-am-dp-¶-sX¶v Xncn-¨-dn-bm-\m-hmsX Ipg-§p-Ibpw `qX-Im-e-¯nse kp]-cn-Nn-Xcpw A]-cn-Nn-X-cp-amb hyàn-IÄ IYm-K-Xn-bnse \nÀWm-b-I-\n-an-¯-§-fm-hp-Ibpw sN¿p-¶pap­v.  ]t£, AtXm-sSm¸w Xs¶ hÀ¯-am-\-Im-e-bm-YmÀ°y-§fn sXm«-dn-bm-hp¶ ]e-hy-àn-Ifpw t\mh-en AXn-kzm-`m-hn-Imbn IS-¶p-h-cn-Ibpw Ah-cpsS ]¦n-s\-¡p-dn¨v kwi-b-te-i-sat\y AS-bm-f-s¸-Sp-¯p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p-­v.

hmkvtIm-U-Km-a-bpsS BK-a\w tIc-f-¯nsâ am{X-a-Ã, Hcp ]t£ temI-¯nsâ BI-am\w Ncn-{Xs¯ amddn Fgp-Xp-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p. hym]m-cm-h-iy-¯n\v IS IS¶v F¯p-I-bpw, {ItaW hne-t]-i-en-eq-sStbm `oj-Wn-bn-eq-sS-tbm, an¡-t¸mgpw NXn-bn-eq-sStbm tZis¯ Iog-S¡n A[n-\n-th-ihpw A[n-Im-chpw Øm]n¨v X§-fpsS tImf-\n-bm¡n amddp-Ibpw ]qÀÆ-Ime tZi-N-cn-{Xs¯ ]qÀ®-ambpw XpS-¨p-am-ddp-Ibpw sN¿pI F¶ B[p-\n-I-km-{am-Py-h¡-c-W-¯nsâ XpS¡w {]_-e-am-bXv Kma-bn \n¶m-Wv. XpSÀ¶p h¶ U¨p-Imcpw ^©p-Imcpw Cw¥-­p-Imcpw CXv IqSp-X hym]I-ambpw {]mtbm-Kn-I-ambpw \S-¸n hcp-¯p-Ibpw sNbvXp. `mc-X-¯n am{X-a-Ã, temI-s¯-hn-tS-bp-apÅ, X§-tf-¡mÄ iàn-Ip-dª cmjv{S-§fn \nÀ_m[w IS-¶p-sN-Ãp-Ibpw GXp X{´w D]-tbm-Kn¨pw Iog-S¡n kz´-am¡pI F¶ coXn \ne-hn hcn-Ibpw sNbvXp. {InkvXp-hn\v ap³]pÅ \qddm-­p-IÄ apX ae-\m-«n \ne-\n-¶n-cp¶ kmaq-ly-Po-hn-X-¯n\v, AXnsâ hnizm-k-§Ä¡v, ImgvN-¸m-Sp-IÄ¡v, kl-hÀ¯n-¯¯n-tâbpw ka-c-k-s¸-S-en-tâbpw kzO-X-bmWv Kma-bpsS hc-thmsS XI-cp-hm³ XpS-§n-bXv. tZi-`-c-W-hpw, A[n-Im-chpw sh«n-¸n-Sn-¡-ep-Ifpw ap¼pw D­m-bn-cp-s¶-¦nepw Ah-bn ssZh-hn-izmkw ]¦p hln-¨n-cp-¶n-Ã, {]tXy-In¨v ae-\m-«nÂ. ssZh-hn-izmkw aX-am-tbm, aXw A[n-Im-c-¯n-te-¡pÅ Nhn-«p-]-Sn-bm-bn-¯o-cp-I-tbm, AXn\v klm-b-I-c-amb coXn-bpÅ aXm-[n-]-Xytam D­m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. F¶m ssZh-hn-izmkw FÃm AÀ°-¯nepw cqV-aq-e-am-bn-cp¶p Xm\pw. {_mÒ-Wm-[n-]Xy-¯nsâ Xo­m¸m-S-Ise addv IogvPmXn hn`m-K§Ä¡v Ah-cp-tS-Xmb Bcm-[-\m-co-Xn-IÄ {]_-e-hp-am-bn-cp-¶p. {InkvXp-hn\p ap¼p-Xs¶ ae-\m-«n PqX-·mcpw Ad-_n-Ifpw Hcp P\-k-aq-l-ambn ChnsS bmsXmcp Akzm-c-ky-hp-an-ÃmsX Ignªp h¶n-cp-¶p. G.-Un. 52  ae-\m-«n--se¯n ]pXn-sbmcp kphn-tijw {]N-cn-¸n¨ skâv tXma-kn-\p-tijw aq¶p \qd-dm-­p-IÄ IqSn Ign-ªn-«mWv ss{IkvX-h-hn-izmkw kaq-l-¯nsâ Iq«m-bva-bpsS hyh-Ø-I-fn-te¡v amdm³ XpS-§n-b-Xv.  skâv tXmakv Øm]n¨p F¶v Icp-X-s¸-Sp¶ Gg-c-¸-Ån-IÄ¡p tijw ASp¯ {it²-b-amb asddmcp ss{IkvXh Bcm-[-\m-e-bamb Ipd-hn-e-§mSv skâv s^mtdm\m ]Ån G.-Un.105emWv Øm]n-¡p-¶-Xv. ae-¦c {InkvXym-\n-Isf Ipdn¨v tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯-s¸« BZy kqN-\-I-fp-ÅXv G.-Un.189  Chn-sS-F-¯nb anj-\dn kphn-ti-j-I-\mb- ]t´-\n-b-knsâ hnh-c-W-§-fn-em-Wv. lo{_q-`m-j-bn-epÅ skâv amXyphnsâ kphn-tijw ae-¦-c-bn ]t´-\n-bkv I­-Xmbn ]d-b-s¸-Sp-¶p.]t£ At¸mgpw ss{IkvX-h-cm-b-Ã, \{km-Wn-I-fm-bmWv ]pXnb hnizm-k-{Iaw thcp ]nSn-¡m³ XpS-§n-b-Xv. \{km-Wn-IÄ F¶ hm¡mWv G.-Un. 230 sImSp-§-Ãq-À tI{µ-am¡n `cn-¨n-cp¶ hoc-cm-Lh N{I-hÀ¯n Iev]n¨p \ÂInb hoc-cm-L-h-sN-t¸-Sn kqNn-X-am-bn-«p-Å-Xv. sNt¸-Sp-{]-Imcw \{km-Wn-IÄ¡v hf-sc-b-[nIw cmP-Iob _lp-a-Xn-Ifpw Ah-Im-i-§fpw A\p-h-Zn¨p \ÂIn-b-Xmbn ]d-bp-¶p. At¸m-tg¡pw ae-¦cbnse \{km-Wn-k-aqlw {]-_-e-am-bXpw AwKo-I-cn-¡-s¸-tS-­-Xp-amb kaq-l-ambn amdn-¡-gn-ªn-«p-­m-h-Ww. {]tXy-In¨v apkn-cnÊp apX hS-t¡m«v I®qÀ htcbpw sXt¡m«v sIm¨n htc-bpw. AXp-t]mse {]m[m-\y-aÀln-¡p-¶-XmWv. G.-þUn 340-þ36þ Ime-L-«-¯n D­m-b-sX¶v hniz-kn-¡s¸-Sp¶ Xmtg-¡mSv inem-km-\-¯n \{km-Wn-IÄ¡mbn \evIn-bn-cn-¡p¶ hntijamb A[n-Im-c-§fpw Ah-Im-i-§-fpw. G.-Un. 345  Iv\mb-sXm-½sâ t\Xr-Xz-¯n sImSp-§Ãq-cn F¯n-t¨À¶Xpw, _nj¸v Ddlm amÀbu-tk-¸pw \mep ]ptcm-ln-X-·mcpw \nc-h[n Uo¡-·mcpw 72 kotdm þ Adm-anIv PqX-Ip-Spw-_-§fpw AS-§p¶ 400-e-[nIw t]cpsS BK-a-\-t¯m-sS-bm-hWw tIc-f-¯nse \{kmWn kaqlw AXnsâ Bcm-[-\m-co-Xn-I-fn IrXy-amb Nn«-I-fn-te¡v amdm³ XpS-§p-¶-Xv.  AXn\p ap¼v Hcp {]tXyI aX-hn-`m-K-¯n s]«hsc¶ \ne-bnepÅ Nn«-h-«-§-fn-tet¡m Bcm-[-\m-{I-a-§-fn-tet¡m kap-Zm-b-a-cym-Z-I-fn-tet¡m skâv tXma-knsâ ]pXnb kphn-ti-j-¯n hnizmkw {]I-Sn-¸n-¨-hÀ-F-¯n-t¨À¶n-«p-­m-hn-Ã. skâv tXmakv h¶n-d§n F¶p hniz-kn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶Xpw A¡m-es¯ Gddhpw henb hmWn-Py-Xp-d-ap-J-hp-am-bn-cp¶ apkn-cnÊv (sIm-Sp-§-ÃqÀ), ]me-bqÀ, ]nd-hw, sImt¡m-I-aw-K-ew, \nc-Ww, Ipc-t¡-Wn-sIm-Ãw, Nmb (\n-e-bv¡Â), Xncp-hm-t¦mSv (Ac-¸-Ån) F¶n-hn-S-§fn Xsâ ]pXnb kphn-ti-j-¯n BIr-jvS-cm-b-hsc H¶n¨p \nÀ¯p-Ibpw ]pXn-sbmcp hnizm-ks¯ ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¯p-Ibpw Bbn-cn¡mw sNbvX-Xv. Ime-{I-a-¯n-emhmw AXv Bcm-[-\m-e-b-¯n-te¡pw BNm-c-{I-a-¯n-te¡pw cq]-s¸-«-Xv. ]t£ A¯-c-samcp cq]-s¸-S-ensâ Ime-b-f-hn kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw ChnsS \ne-\n-¶n-cp¶Xpw XpSÀ¶p h¶n-cp-¶-Xp-amb BNm-c-{I-a-§-fp-ambn ka-c-k-s¸-Sm³ CS-h-¶n-cn-¡mw. F¶p am{X-aà AXp-hsc ]peÀ¶p-t]m-¶n-cp¶ cqV-aq-e-amb kwkvIm-c-¯n \n¶pw s]mSp¶\th ]pXnb H¶n-te¡v ]dn¨p\Sm³ X¡ kwL-Sn-X-ti-jn-bp-ap-­m-bn-cp-¶n-ÃtÃm skâv tXma-knsâ Hd-d-bmÄ kphn-ti-j-¯n-\v.

tbip-hnsâ Ipcn-ip-a-c-W-t¯-¡mÄ skâv tXmakv {]m[m\yw \ÂIn-bn-cn¡pI amXm-hmb tacn-¡m-bn-cp-¶n-cn-¡-Ww. ImcWw skâv tXmakv Øm]n¨p F¶v hniz-kn-¡-s¸-Sp¶ Gg-c-¸-Ån-Ifpw tacn-bptS-Xm-Wv. skâv tXmakv F¶, Cc« F¶ AÀ°-apÅ ZnZn-tamkv F¶-t]-tcmSp IqSnb tXmakv amXr-h-gn-bn tbip-hnsâ ktlm-Z-c\mImsa¶v ]d-b-s¸-Sp-¶p-ap-­-tÃm. tbip-hnsâ _mey-Iu-am-c-Im-e-§Ä AÚm-X-sa-¶-t]mse tXma-kn-tâbpw ]qÀÆm-{i-a-s¯-¡p-dn¨pw ss__nfpw kphn-ti-j-§fpw AÚ-X-bmWv {]I-Sn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv. amXr-Zm-b-I-{I-a-¯nepw A½-ssZ-h-¯nepw A[n-jvTn-X-am-bn-cp¶ {]mà-\-{Zm-hn-ZUkw-kvIr-Xn¡v Hcp ]t£ Ffp¸w Zln-¨n-«p-­m-hpI XymK-\nÀ`-chpw ]oU-\-§Ä \ndª aIsâ Pohn-X-t¯-¡m-Ä Ipcn-in Xd-¨p-sIm¶ aIsâ icocw aSn-bn Gddp-hm§n hne-]n-t¡­n h¶ A½-tb-bmhmw.  B aI\v P·w \ÂInb A½-bpsS [\y-X-bm-Imw. AXp-sIm­p Xs¶-bmhmw c­p hnizm-k-[m-c-IÄ¡pw ]c-kv]cw ka-c-k-s¸-Sm\pw ka-\z-bn-¡m\pw Ign-ª-Xv. AXp-sIm-­p-Xs¶ A¡mew ae-\m-«n \ne-\n-¶n-cp¶ A½-ssZ-hm-cm-[-\-tbmSv kmay-apÅ Hcm-c-[\m coXn cq]-s¸-Sm³ CS-bm-b-Xv. ]n¶oSv skâv tXmakv hnizm-kn-IÄ ss{IkvX-h-k-aq-l-ambn ]cn-W-an-¨t¸mÄ IÂZmb þs\mtÌm-dn-b³ hnizmk§Ä tIc-fo-b-ambn skâv tXmakv hnizm-kn-I-fpsS CS-bn AXp-hsc \ne-\n-¶p-t]m-¶n-cp¶ hnizm-k-§sf ]qÀ®-ambpw amddm³ {ian-¡msX Ah-bp-ambn ka-c-k-s¸-Sp-Ibpw H¸w Xs¶ ]pXnb Bcm-[\mcoXn-IÄ¡v IqSp-X {]mapJyw \ÂIn-t¸m-cp-IbpamWv sNbvX-Xv. ssIkvX-h-k-aqlw IqSp-X {]_-e-am-bn-Xo-cp-Ibpw Ah-cp-tS-Xmb kzcq]w cq]-s¸-Sp-Ibpw sNbvX-t¸m-gmhmw hntÃmÀh-«-¯nsâ BhnÀ`m-hw.  tIc-f-¯n-sâ ]pcm-X-\-N-cn{Xw ]cn-tim-[n-¨m {Kma-§tfm tZi-§tfm kaq-l-§tfm \nb-´n-¨n-cp-¶, `cn-¨n-cp¶ C¯cw H«-t\Iw kzcq-]-§sf ImWmw. {][m-\-am-bn-«p-Å apÉow kaq-l-amb Ad-bv¡Â kzcq-]w. tIc-f-¯nse \mSp-hm-gn- k-aq-l-§Ä Adn-b-s¸-«n-cp-¶Xv kzcq]w F¶-t]-cn-em-Wv. thWmSp kzcq-]w, tZin-§-\mSv kzcq-]w, s]cp-¼-S¸v kzcq-]w, s\Sn-bn-cp¸v kzcq]w XpS§n F{X-sb-{X.  AXp-sIm-­p-Xs¶ tIc-f-¯n iàn {]m]n-¨p-h-¶n-cp¶ ss{IkvX-h-kq-Zm-b-¯n\v hteymÀh«w kzcq-]-sa¶ Hcp A[n-Im-c-Øm-]-\hpw AXnsâ `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bmbn skâv tXma-knsâ ]mX ]n´p-SÀ¶v tXmam-cm-Pmhv F¶ amdm-t¸cpw D­mbn -h-¶Xv H«pw AXn-i-tbmànIc-a-Ã. G.-Un.236se hoc-cm-L-h-sN-t¸Sv CXv ]tcm-£-ambn icn h¡p-¶-Xp-am-bn-cn-¡mw. ImcWw A¯-c-¯n-semcp ]Z-hn¡v AÀl-am-bn-XoÀ¶-Xp-sIm-­m-h-W-atÃm A¶s¯ \mSp-hm-gn X\n¡p Xpey-amb Ah-Im-i-§fpw A[n-Im-c-§fpw A\p-h-Zn-¨p-sIm-Sp-¡m³ Iev]n-¨-Xv. CXv ]n¶oSv Xmtg-¡mSv inem-im-k-\-¯n-epw, Xcn-km-¸-Ån-sN-t¸-Snepw BhÀ¯n-¡p-¶p-ap-­v.

hntÃmÀh«w kzcq-]-s¯-Ip-dn¨v tIc-f-N-cn-{Xhpw tIc-f-ss{I-kvX-h-N-cn-{Xhpw ]e-t¸mgpw t_m[-]qÀÆ-amb Xa-kvI-cWamWv \S-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-¶-sX¶v ]d-bmw. ImcWw G.-Un. 14 \p ap¼pÅ tIc-f-N-cn-{X-s¯-Ip-dn¨v C¶pw hfsc Ahyà-amb Dul-§Ä am{Xta DÅq.  AXp Xs¶ ]e-t¸m-gmbn tIc-f-¯n-se-¯nb hntZ-i-k-©m-cn-I-fpSw Ipdn-¸p-I-fpsS NphSp ]nSn-¨pw. t]mÀ¨p-Ko-kp-Im-cpsS hc-thmsS Bcw-`n¨ ]mÝm-Xy-sIm-tfm-Wn-b kwkvImcw \nÀ½ns¨-Sp¯ tIc-f-þ-`m-c-X-þ-N-cn-{Xhpw CXns\ A[n-I-cn¨v \qd-dm-­p-I-fmbn ]Tn¨pw ]Tn-¸n¨pw hcp¶ Ncn-{X-hpw BWv \ap-¡p-Å-Xv. B Xa-kvI-c-W-¯n-\n-S-bn \n¶pw hos­-Sp¯, C\nbpw Gsd ]Tn-¡-s¸-tS­ Hcp Ncn-{X-[m-c-bmWv aª-sh-bn ac-W-§-fn-eqsS hntÃmÀh«w kzcq-]-¯nsâ kqN-\-I-fn-eqsS _\ym-an³ Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv. Hcp IYm-Im-csâ FÃm cN-\m-kzm-X-{´yhpw A\p-h-Zn-¨p-sIm-Sp-¯mepw hntÃmÀh«w kzcq]w F¶ {]_-e-amb ss{IkvX-h-cm-P-hwiw ChnsS \ne-\n-¶n-cp¶p F¶pw  t]mÀ¨p-Ko-kp-Im-cpsS hc-hn-\p-tijw Ah-cpsS km{am-Py-tam-l-§-fnepw NXn-I-fnepw s]«v ]men-b-¯-¨sâ klm-b-t¯msS Ncn-{X-¯n \n¶pw \ntÈ-j-ambn XpS-¨p-am-d-d-s¸-Sp-I-bp-amWv D­m-bXv F¶ Ncn-{X-kXyw \ne-\n¡p-¶p. 1599 Pq¬ 20 Rmb-dmgvN DZ-bw-t]-cqÀ ]Ån-ap-dd¯v h¨p \S¶ kp¶-ltZmkv A´yw Ipdn-¨Xv A¶p-hsc GXm­v ]¯p \qddm-­n-e-[n-I-ambn tIc-f-ss{I-kvX-hÀ ]peÀ¯n-t¸m¶ FÃm hnizm-k-{]-am-W-§-tfbpw BNm-c-{I-a-§tfbpw Pohn-X-t¯bpw am{X-a-Ã, DZ-bw-t]-cqÀ ]Ån-bpsS bYmÀ° Ah-Im-in-I-fm-bn-cp¶ hntÃmÀh«w kzcq-]-¯nsâ Ah-ti-jn-¨n-cp¶ Ah-Im-im-[n-Im-c-§-tf-bpw Ncn-{X-¯n \n¶v CÃmbva sN¿pI Bbn-cp¶p.  aª-sh-bn ASbm-f-s¸-Sp-¯p¶ H¶n-e-[nIw Ncn-{X-`q-an-I-bps­¶v F¶v {]Xy-£-¯n tXm¶p-sa-¦nepw Ah ]c-kv]cw _Ô-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-¶p. B Ncn-{X-`q-an-I-bpsS Fep-Ibpw ]c¸pw e`y-am-bn-«pÅ hnh-c§Ä h¨v a\-Ên-em-¡n-sb-¦n am{Xta {InÌn-bp-tSbpw _\ym-an-tâbpw At\z-j-W-¯nsâ Xo{hX Xncn-¨-dn-bm-Im³ Ign-bp-I-bp-Åp.

G.Un.1498  tImgn-t¡m-sS-¯nb Kma-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-¯n-se-¯nb t]mÀ¯p-Ko-kp-Im-cpsS \mhn-I-k-¶m-l§Ä¡v hmWn-Py-e-£y-§Ä am{X-aà D­m-bn-cp-¶-Xv. cmjv{So-b-ambpw km{am-Py-Øm-]-\-]-c-hp-amb e£y-§fpw Ah t\Sp-¶-Xn\v aX-]-c-amb amÀ¤-§fpw Kmabv¡pw t]mÀ¨p-K `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-IÄ¡pw D­m-bn-cp-¶p. Ncn-{X-¯n-em-Zy-am-bn-«m-bn-cn¡mw ]pXnb `qan-I-IÄ tXSn-bpÅ \mhn-Isâ bm{X-IÄ¡v C§-s\-sbmcp AÀ°-Xew IqSn D­m-hp-¶-Xv. kpK-Ô-{Z-hy-§Ä¡pw tX¡n\pw B\-s¡m-¼n\pw abn-en\pw hm\-c-·mÀ¡pw t]cp-tI« \m«n-se-hn-sStbm {]_-e-am-sbmcp ss{IkvX-h-cm-Pmhpw cmP-hw-ihpw D­m-bn-cp-¶-Xmbn k©m-cn-IÄ ]d-ªncp¶ IY-Ifpw Kma-bpsS e£y-§Ä¡v B¡w Iq«n-bn-cn-¡mw. ]t£ Kma Xsâ c­mw hc-hn-emWv Xsâ e£y-{]m-]vXn-bn-te¡v ASp-¯-Xv. c­mw-h-c-hn sImSp-§-Ãq-cn h¨v I{_mÄ skâv tXmakv {InkvXym-\n-I-fn Nnesc ImWp-I-bp-­m-bn. ]t£, tI«-dn-ªn-cp¶ ss{IkvX-h-cmPhwiw At¸m-tg¡pw sImSp-§-Ãq-cn-\-Sp-¯pÅ tNµ-aw-K-e-¯p-\n¶pw sIm¨n-bn-se DZ-bw-t]-cq-tc¡v amdn-bn-cp-¶p. kmaq-Xn-cn-bp-ambn sXd-dn-¡-gn-ªn-cp¶ Kmasb sIm¨n s]cp-¼-S¸v kzcq]w AI-a-gnªp kzmKXw sNbvXp. AhnsS h¨mWv Kma aÀt¯mam \{km-Wn-I-sf- Im-Wp-¶Xpw Ah-cpsS cmP-hw-i-amb hntÃmÀh«w kzcq-]-¯nse tXmam cmPmhv Xsâ kzmK-X-Nn-Ó-ambn A[n-Im-c-ZWvUv \ÂIn-b-Xpw. AÀ²m-k\w \ÂIn kzoI-cn-¡p-¶-Xn\p Xpey-am-bmWv tXmam-cm-Pmhv A{]-Imcw sNbvX-Xv. ]t£ B kzmK-X-¯n c­p Iq«À¡pw Ah-c-h-cp-tS-Xmb KqV-amb e£y-§fpw B{K-l-§fpw D­m-bn-cp-¶p-sh¶p am{Xw. GXm­v ap¸-Xn-\m-bn-c-¯n-e-[nIw hcp¶ ss{IkvX-h-Ip-Spw-_-§-fpsS ]n´pWbpw kl-I-c-Whpw t]mÀ¨p-Kokv km{am-Py-¯nsâ Øm]-\-¯n\v {]tbm-P-I-am-hp-sa¶v Kmabpw I{_mfpw Icp-Xn. AXp-sIm-­p-Xs¶ sIm¨o-cm-Pm-hn-\p-th­n AhÀ kmaq-Xn-cnsb B{I-an-¡p-I-bpw s]cp-¼-S-¸n\v th­ FÃm ssk\n-I-kw-c-£-Whpw \ÂIp-I-bpw-sN-bvXp. ]c-kv]-c-km-tlm-Z-cy-¯nsâ c­p-aq-¶p-Z-im-_vZ-§-fn tIc-fo-bhpw auen-Ihp-am-bn-cp¶ aÀt¯m-½m-{In-kvXym-\n-I-fpsS Bcm[-\m-co-Xn-Isf Xncp-¯p-hm\pw ]mim-Nm-Xy-co-Xn-bn-te¡pw k`-bn-te¡pw Ahsc ]cn-hÀ¯\w sN¿n-¡p-hm\pw t]mÀ¨p-Ko anj-\-dn-amcpw sa{Xm-·mcpw \S-¯nb ]cn-{i-a-§Ä hnPbw I­n-Ã. \qddm-­p-I-fmbn ]peÀ¯n-h-¶n-cp¶ hnizm-k-{]-am-W-§-fn \nt¶m, BNm-c-§-fn \nt¶m hyXn-N-en-¡m³ AhÀ X¿m-dm-bnà F¶p am{X-aà t]Àjy³ sa{Xm-·m-cpsS ]n´p-Wbpw AhÀ¡p-­m-bn-cp-¶p.  tIc-f-¯n kz´-amb Hcp k` cq]o-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xn\v t]mÀ¨p-Ko-kp-ImÀ¡v A¡mew Ign-ªn-sÃ-¦nepw tKmh-bn AhÀ cq]X Øm]n-¡p-Ibpw tdmansâ AwKo-Im-c-t¯msS t]mÀ¨p-Kokv cmPmhv t\cn«p \nb-an¨ sa{Xm-·mÀ BI-am\ ss{IkvX-h-cp-tSbpw sa{Xm-·m-cmbn kzbw Ah-tcm-[n-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ae-¦-c-bnse aÀt¯ma {InkvXym-\n-Ifpw Ah-cpsS sa{Xm\pw tKmh-bnse sa{Xm\v hnt[-b-cm-bn-cn-¡-W-sa¶v AhÀ \nÀt±-in-¨p. tIc-f-¯n XpSsc F¯nb \nc-h[n anj-\-dn-amÀ aÀt¯mam {InkvXym\n-I-fpsS CS-bn {]hÀ¯n¨v Ahsc ]cn-hÀ¯\w sN¿n-¡m³ {ian-¨n-cp-¶p. F¶m Cu DZy-a-§sf Gddhpw ià-ambn {]Xn-tcm-[n-¨Xv Ah-cpsS Bßn-bhpw kmaq-ly-hp-am-bn-cp¶ iàn-tI-{µ-am-bn-cp¶ hntÃmÀh«w kzcq-]hpw AhcpsS AÀ¡-Zn-tbm-¡·m-cp-am-bn-cp-¶p. A§ns\ t]mÀ¨p-Ko-kp-Imcpw hntÃmÀh-«hpw i{Xp-X-bn-em-hp-¶p. G§n-t\bpw hntÃmÀh«w kzcq]s¯ Xqs¯-dn-ªn-¦n  am{Xta X§Ä¡v t]mÀ¨p-K km{am-Pyhpw ]mÝmXy-k-`bpw ChnsS Øm]n-¡p-hm³ Ignbq F¶-hÀ a\-Ên-em-¡n. 1569 apX tIc-f-{In-kvXym-\n-I-fpsS sa{Xm-\mbn t]Àjy-bn \n¶pw h¶ amÀ F{_lmw tKmh-bnse t]mÀ¨p-K sa{Xm-\p-ambn H«pw cay-X-bn-e-Ãm-bn-cp-¶p. AXp-sIm­p Xs¶ At±-l-¯nsâ D]-tZ-jvSmhv F¶ \ne-bn  tKmh-bnse sa{Xm-s¸m-eo-¯-bm-bn-cp¶ tUmw t{^ Ae-Ivknkv sa\-knkv Cutim-k-`-bnse (Jesuit) {^m³-knkv tdmkns\ \nb-an-¨p. ]t£ Cutim-k-`-bp-tStbm tKmh sa{Xm-s¸m-eo-¯-bp-tStbm ]cn-jvIm-c-§sf A\p-k-cn-¡m³ Iq«m-¡m-Xn-cp¶ amÀ F{_lmw thZ-hn-cp-²-\m-bn. tcmKm-Xp-c-\mb At±l¯nsâ ac-W-tijw tIc-f-k-`-bpsS ]mc-¼-cy-a-\p-k-cn¨v aÀt¯mam \{km-Wn-I-fpsS `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bm-bn-cp¶ Koh-dp-Kokv AÀ¡-Zn-bm-t¡m-\m-Is« sa\-kn-kn-tâtbm ]mÝm-Xy-k-`-I-fp-sStbm IS-¶p-I-b-d-d-§sf {]Xn-tcm-[n-¡mt\m kz´w k`sb kwc-£n-¨p-\nÀ¯p-hmt\m Ign-ªn-Ã. ]mÝm-Xy-an-j-\-dn-am-cpsS {]hÀ¯-\-^-e-ambn At¸m-tg¡pw ]e k`-Ifpw ]Ån-Ifpw ae-¦-c-bn cq]s¸-«p-I-gn-ªp-an-cp-¶p. AXm-Is« GI-X-tbmsS Ign-ªp-h-¶n-cp¶ Hcp cmP-hwiw F¶ \ne-bn hntÃmÀh-«-¯nsâ  iàn £bn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. XIÀ¨-bpsS KXn-thKw Iq«m-s\-t¶mWw 1599 hntÃmÀh«w kzcq-]-¯nsâ BØm-\-tI-{µ-am-bn-cp¶ DZ-bw-t]-cqÀ ]Ån-bn h¨v Ncn-{X-{]-kn-²-amb kp¶-l-tZmkv IqSn. tIc-f-¯nse BI-am-\-ss{I-kvX-hcpsS C\n-ta-epÅ Pohn-X-t¯bpw hnizm-k-t¯bpw BNm-c-t¯bpw \nÀ®-bn-¡p¶ Imt\m-\-IÄ Xocp-am-\n-¡-s¸« kp¶-l-tZmk.v \qd-dm-­p-IÄ ]g-¡-apÅ ss{IkvX-h-]m-c-¼-cy-amWv AhnsS XIÀ¶p-ho-W-Xv. AXn\v B¡w Iq«m-s\-t¶mWw DZ-bw-t]-cpÀ ]Ån-bn-ep-­m-bn-cp¶ \qd-dm-­p-IÄ ]g-¡-apÅ FÃm enJn-X-§fpw Ncn-{Xm-h-in-jvS-§fpw sa\-knkv Xobn-«p-\-in-¸n-¨p. Hcp Ncn{Xw C§n\n Xnc-¨-dn-bm¯h®w AhnsS Ah-km-\n-¨p. Bbn-c-¯n-e-[nIw hÀj-§-fmbn tIc-f-ss{I-kvX-h-cpsS kz´-am-bn-cp-¶ -cm-P-hw-iw- þ -hn-tÃmÀh«w kzcq-]w þ ]qÀ®-ambpw Ncn-{X-¯nsâ Ccp-f-Sª GSp-I-fn-te¡v XpS-¨p-am-d-dp-¶-Xn\v A¶s¯ s]cp-¼-S¸p kzcq-]-¯nse Hcp a{´n-bm-bn-cp¶ ]men-b-¯-¨\pw Bhp-¶{X {ian-¨n-«p-­v. hntÃmÀh«w kzcq-]-¯nsâ BZy-Ime BØm-\-am-bn-cp¶ sImSp-§-Ãq-cn-\-Sp-¯pÅ tNµ-aw-K-e-¯m-bn-cp¶p ]menbw Xd-hmS.v  hntÃmÀh«w kzcq]w BØm\w sIm¨n-bn-te¡v amd-dn-b-t¸mÄ tNµ-aw-K-e-¯p-Xs¶ X§nb imJ-bm-bn-cp¶p ]n¶oSv ]men-b-ambn amdn-b-sX¶pw Hc`n-{]m-b-ap-­v.  Cf-¦p-¶¯p \n¶pw hntÃmÀh-«-t¯¡v hnhmlw Ign-¨p-sIm-­p-h¶ Ipªn-¡m-hv, sIm¨p-Ip«n F¶o ktlm-Z-cn-am-cpsS Xmh-gn-I-fmWv Imem-´-c-¯n ]men-b-ambn amdn-b-sX¶pw ]d-b-s¸-Sp-¶p. F´m-bmepw hntÃmÀh«w kzcq-]-¯nsâ XIÀ¨-bpsS Ime-¯mWv ]menbw s]cp-¼-S-¸p-ambn IqSp-X ASp-¡p-¶Xpw s]cp-¼-S-¸nsâ apJy-k-Nn-h-Øm-\-t¯¡v Db-cp-¶-Xpw. ‘sIm¨n-bn ]mXn ]menbw” F¶ sNmÃn hsc B DbÀ¨ F¯n-bn-cp-¶p. XoÀ¨bmbpw AhÀ¡v Cu Øm\-t¯¡v F¯p-¶-Xn t]mÀ¨p-Ko-kp-Im-cpsS klm-bhpw D­m-bn-cp-¶n-cn-¡-Ww. apJy-i-{Xp-hmb hntÃmÀh«-¯ns\ \in-¸n-¡m³ ]c-kv]cw klm-bn-I-fm-hp-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p, AhÀ. A¡me¯m-Wv, hntÃmÀh-«s¯ A¶-s¯bpw Ah-km-\-t¯-Xp-amb tXmam cmPm-hnsâ aIÄ sIm¨n cmP-hw-i-¯nse cmP-Ip-am-c-\p-ambn {]W-b-¯n-em-hp-¶Xpw hnhm-ln-X-cm-hp-¶-Xpw. hntÃmÀh-«s¯ ]n³Xp-SÀ¨-bn-ÃmsX XpS¨p \o¡p-hm-\pÅ hy{K-X-bn B aI-sfbpw cmP-Ip-am-c-t\bpw ]men-b-¯-¨³ X{´-]qÀÆw AI-d-dp-Ibpw, ]n³Xp-SÀ¨m-h-Im-in-I-fn-ÃmsX hntÃmÀh«w kzcq]w A\yw \n¶p-t]m-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Hcp-]t£ CXnsâ D]-Im-c-kva-c-W-bm-bn-cn¡mw hntÃmÀh-«-¯nsâ A[o-\-Xn-bn-em-bn-cp¶ ssh¸n³ Zzo]v sIm¨o cm-Pmhv ]men-b-¯-¨\v \ÂIn-b-Xv.  hntÃmÀh-«-s¯-¡p-dn¨v hfsc t\cnb kqN-\-IÄ am{Xta \ap¡v e`y-amb Ncn-{X-tc-J-I-fn-ep-Åp. ]t£ G.Un 3 apX 14 hsc-sb-¦nepw bmsXmcp Akzm-c-kytam kv]À²tbm CÃmsX Cu \mSp-ambn ebn-¨p-tNÀ¶ Hcp kaq-Zmbw {]_-e-ambn Ign-ªp-h-c-W-sa-¦n XoÀ¨-bmbpw AXn\v Bßo-b-ambpw cmjv{So-b-ambpw iàamb Hcp t\XrXzw D­m-bn-cpt¶ aXn-bm-hq. tIcf-N-cn{Xw ad-¶p-t]mb hntÃmÀh-«s¯ adnbw cmP-Ip-am-cn-bpsS {]W-b-I-Ybpw ]men-b-¯-¨sâ NXn-bpsS IYbpw asddmcp hyXy-kvX-amb `qan-I-bn DbnÀs¯-gp-t¶Â¡p-I-bm-Wv.  ]men-b-¯-¨sâ NXn¡v Hcp-]t£ \nÈ-_vZ-km-£n-bm-bn-cp¶ B{´-t¸-dnsâ UotKm-KmÀjy-bn adnbw ià-bmb amXr-ssZ-h-ambn ]cn-W-an-¨Xv Ncn-{X-¯nsâ Gd-dhpw hnkva-b-I-chpw A\n-hm-cy-hp-amb hn[n-XoÀ¸m-Wv. adnbw ]Ån-bnse adn-b-hp-am-bpÅ Xsâ Xmbvh-gn- _-Ô-s¯-¡p-dn¨v Xncn-¨-dn-bm-sX-bm-hWw saÀen³ Ahn-sS-t]m-Ip-¶-Xv.  A[n-Imcw sh«n-¸n-Sn-¡m-\pÅ hy{K-X-bv¡n-S-bn adn-b-s¯-t]mse saÀen\pw NXn-¡-s¸-Sp-I-bm-WtÃm D­m-b-Xv. F{X XpS¨p \o¡n-bmepw Ncn{Xw \n\-¨n-cn-¡msX Ime-{]-hm-l-¯nsâ apt¼m-«pÅ Hgp-¡n Fhn-sS-sb-¦nepw s]m«n-ap-fbv¡pw F¶p-ÅXv Ncn-{X-\o-Xnbpw \ntbm-K-hp-am-Wv. B \ntbm-K-¯nsâ km²y-Xbpw kmwK-Xy-hp-amWv hey-hoSv F¶ t]cn DZ-bw-t]-cqÀ ]f-fn¡v,]gb amÀ¯m-a-dnbw IÂZm-b-]-Ån¡v kao]w aª-sh-bn ac-W-§-fn-eqsS DbnÀs¯-gp-t¶-d-d-Xv.

CXv hey-ho-Snsâ hntÃmÀh«w kzcq-]-¯n \n¶pÅ XpSÀ¨-bpsS kmwK-Xy-¯nsâ Ncn-{X-am-sW-¦n hey-ho-«n cl-ky-ambpw Hs«ms¡ ]c-ky-ambpw \S-¶p-h-cp¶ adnbw tkh-bpsS Imcy-¯nepw Ncn-{X-¯nsâ ]n¶m-¼p-d-t¯¡v IS-¶p-sN-tÃ-­n hcpw.  {]mNo\ tIc-f-ss{I-kvX-h-cpsS CS-bn C¯cw BNm-c-§Ä \ne-\n-¶n-cp-¶-Xmbn Sn.-Un.-cm-a-Ir-jvW³ {^m³knkv C«n-t¡m-c-bn ]d-bp-¶p-­v. ]t£ A¯-c-samcp Dul-¯n\v tIc-f-N-cn-{X-¯n-se-hn-b-S-sb-¦n-epw, AXnsâ kmwkvIm-cn-I-`q-an-I-bn-se-hn-sS-b-¦nepw thcnsâ s]mSn-s¸-¦n-ep-apt­m F¶v Bcm-tb-­n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. AXn-\pÅ Gd-dhpw henb sXfnhv 1599  Ae-Ivknkv sa\-knÊv DZ-bw-t]-cqÀ kp¶-l-tZm-kn-sâ Imt\m-\-I-fn-eqsS \ntcm-[n-¨Xv Fs´ms¡ F¶v \S-¯p¶ Hcp hkvXp-\n-jvThpw \njv]-£-hpamb ]-T-\hpw aXn-bm-hpw. AXv C¶pw AÚm-X-am-bn-cn-¡p¶ tIc-f-N-cn-{X-¯n-te¡v shfn¨w hoip¶ Ht«sd Adn-hp-IÄ \ÂIp-¶-Xp-am-bn-cn-¡pw.  A¶p-hsc tIc-f-¯nse aÀt¯mam \{km-Wn-IÄ XpSÀ¶p-t]m¶ hnizm-k-{]-am-W-§-tf-bpw, Pohn-X-co-Xn-I-tf-bpw, BNm-cm-\p-jvTm-\-§-tfbpw, kmaq-ln-I-a-cym-Z-I-tf-bp-amWv sa\-Ênkv B Imt\m-\-I-fn-eqsS ae-¦-c-\-{km-Wn-IÄ¡v A\y-am¡n-b-Xv. A\y-am-¡pI am{X-a-Ã, Bbn-c-¯m-­p-I-fmbn Htc Km{X-ambn Ign-ªn-cp¶ kaq-Zm-b-§sf C§n\n IqSn-t¨-cm-¯-hn[w AI-d-dpI F¶ sImSpw-{Iq-c-X-bp-amWv sa\-knkv F¶ sa{Xm-s¸m-eo¯ sNbvXp-h-¨-Xv. \mb-·mcpw aÀt¯mam {InkvXym-\n-Ifpw X½n hnhm-l-_Ôw hsc BIm-hp¶ Xc-¯n-epÅ kulmÀ±-hpw ]c-kv]-c-hp-apÅ kwc-£-W-hp-amWv \ne-\n-¶n-cp-¶-Xv. Ah-cpsS t]cp-t]mepw ]e-t¸mgpw Htc-X-c-¯n-ep-Å-Xm-bn-cp-¶p. P\-\-a-c-W-hn-hm-lmZn Imcy-§-fnse NS-§p-IÄ ]e-t¸mgpw c­p-Iq-«cpw H¶p-t]mse BN-cn-¨p-h-¶p. t]ddp]pebpw Nmhp-]p-ebpw Xo­m-cnbpw Ipfnbpw AhÀ io-en-¨n-cp-¶p. \ne-hn-f¡psIm-fp-¯epw {]mÀ°-\bpw kap-Zm-b-t`-Z-sat\y BN-cn-¨p-t]m-¶p. a{´-hm-Zhpw a{´-kw-kvIm-chpw ae-¦-c-\-{km-Wn-IÄ¡n-S-bn \ne-\n-¶n-cp-¶p. PmX-I-s¸m-cp-¯hpw \Ã-t\-chpw \mfpw-]-¡hpw addpw t\m¡m-\pÅ {KÙ-§fpw CXc hn`m-K-¯n-se-¶-t]mse \{km-Wn-]p-tcm-ln-X-cpsS ]¡epw D­n-cp-¶p. a{´-hm-Z-¯n-\pÅ hn[n-IÄ hnh-cn-¡p¶ ]mcn-kvam³ F¶ {KÙw A¶p-­m-bn-cp-¶p. Cu hI hkvXp-¡-sf-bÃmw FSp¯p ]dªv \ntcm-[n-¨n-cn-¡p¶ Imt\m-\-IÄ Xs¶ Ah \nÀ_m[w \ne-\n-¶n-cp¶p F¶-Xn\v sXfn-hm-Wv. Ggmw-IpSn hnNm-c-¯n ]mc-¼-cy-§sf Ipdn¨v ]d-ªn-cn-¡p¶ Imt\m-\-IÄ t\m¡p-I. B BNm-c-§-fpsS XpSÀ¨ am{X-amWv adnbw tkh.  ]men-b-¯-¨³ {Iqc-ambn ]oUn-¸n¨v \mSp-I-S-¯nb hntÃmÀh-«s¯ Ah-km-\-s]-¬-X-cn-bpw dmWn-bp-am-bn-cp¶ adn-b-¯ns\ hnip-²-a-cn-b-¯nsâ ssZh-Xz-¯n-te¡v A[ym-tcm]w sNbvXp-bÀ¯p-I-bmWv.  CXv tIc-fob kwkvIm-c-N-cn-{X-¯n\v A\y-hp-a-Ã. \½psS A½-ssZ-h-§fpw Imhp-Ifpw ]eXpw ]oU-\-¯nsâ Xo{hm-\p-`-h-¯n-eqsS IS-¶p-t]mb P·-§-fpsS {]`m-h-§-fm-W-tÃm. I®In sImSp-§-Ãq-c-½-bm-b-Xv, IÅn-b-¦m-«n NXn-¨psImÃ-s¸« {_mÒ-Wkv{Xo b£nbpw ]ns¶ taem-t¦m«v A½-bp-ambn amdn-b-Xv, sN½-c¯n sX¿-am-b-Xv, A§ns\ Hcm-bncw hnizm-k-{]-am-W-§Ä \nd-ª-XmWv tIc-f-¯nsâ hnizm-k-N-cn-{X-§Ä. A½-ssZ-h-§fpw hnfn-¨n-d-¡epw sIm«n-¸m-Sn-tk-h-Ifpw XpÅn-bp-d-b-ep-Ifpw A\y-a-Ãm-Xn-cp¶ ae-\m-«nsâ `qan-I-bn NXn-bneqsS XIÀs¯-dn-bs¸« Hcp cmP-hw-i-¯n-tâ-bpw, AXnse s]¬Xcn-bp-tSbpw ]n³Xp-SÀ¨ X§-fpsS ]mc-¼-cy-¯nsâ P\n-X-I-t_m-[-§fn \n¶v adnbw Bcm-[-\sb hos­-Sp-¯n-sÃ-¦nte AÛp-X-ap-Åp. Hcp sXfnhpw CÃmsX IS-¶p-t]mb Hcp Ncn-{Xs{X¯n \n¶v H«pw Abp-àn-I-a-Ãm-sX, XnI¨pw kzm`m-hn-I-ambn, C§-s\-b-Ãm-sX-bm-bn-cn-¡nà F¶v AS-bm-f-s¸-Sp-¯-¡-hn[w kXy-ambpw IrXy-ambpw ]p\-cp-Öo-hn-¸n-¡p-I-bmWv _\ym-an³ aª-sh-bn ac-W-§-fn-eq-sS.

_\ym-an³ tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯p¶ c­m-as¯ Ncn{Xhpw t]mÀ¨p-Ko-kp-Im-cp-ambn _Ô-s¸-«Xpw hntÃmÀh«w cmP-hw-i-¯nsâ IYbv¡v kam-´-c-ambn hmbn-¡-s¸-tS-­-Xp-am-Wv. tIc-f-¯n-te-¡pÅ Kma-bpsS bm{X-IÄ  shdp-samcp \mhn-Iâtbm I¨-h-S-¡m-c-sâtbm hc-hm-bn-cp-¶n-Ã.   AXp-sIm­p Xs¶ B kwL-¯n tbm²m-¡fpw ]ptcm-ln-Xcpw D­m-bn-cp-¶p. kphn-ti-j-I-cp-­m-bn-cp¶p. Hcp \mhn-I-\m-sb¯n ae-¦-cbpsS {]Ir-Xn-`w-Kn-bnepw Chn-Ss¯ P\-§-fnepw BIr-jvS-\mb Hcm-fp-ap-­m-bn-cp¶p Iq«¯nÂ. Kma-bpsS kwL-¯nse shdpw \mhn-I-\m-bn-cp¶ B³{Uq s]tc-c. I{_m-fn-t\m-sSm-¸-apÅ c­mw-h-c-hn ]t£, B³{Uq-s]-tcc ae-bm-fhpw t]mÀ¨p-Kokpw ssIImcyw sN¿m-\-dn-bm-hp¶ Zzn`m-jn-bmbn amdn-¡-gn-ªn-cp-¶p. AXp-sIm­p-Xs¶ sIm¨o-cm-Pm-hnsâ {]oXn-]n-Sn-¨p-]-ddp-hm\pw Ign-ªp. aq¶mw hc-hn B³{Uq Xsâ t]mÀ¨p-K-ense IpSpw-_s¯, `mcybpw aI-\p-a-S¡w tIc-f-¯nsâ a®n-te¡v ]dn¨p \«p.  At¸m-tg¡pw s]cp-¼-S-¸nsâ hniz-kvX-\mbn amdn-¡-gn-ªncp¶ sctc-c-amÀ¡v Xma-kn-¡m\pw hym]mcw sN¿m-\p-apÅ Ah-Im-iw am{X-a-Ã,- I-c-¸pdw amS¼n F¶ Øm\-hp-amWv cmPmhv \ÂIn-b-Xv. Xe-ap-d-I-fmbn tIc-f-¯nsâ hym]m-c-cw-K¯v Ip¯-I-bmbn amdnb B{´-t¸À IpSpw-_-¯nsâ XpS¡w Ahn-sS-\n-¶m-bn-cp-¶p. t]mÀ¨p-Ko-kp-Im-c-\m-bn-cp-s¶-¦nepw Cu \mSns\ kvt\ln¨ B³{Uq-s]-tc-cbpw Xe-ap-d-Ifpw t]mÀ¨p-Ko-kp-ImÀ ae-¦-c-\-{km-Wn-I-tfmSp ImWn-¡p¶ {Iqc-Xbv¡v Acp \n¶n-Ã. t]mÀ¨p-K sa{Xm-·m-cpsS Aiz-ta-[-§-tf¡mÄ AhÀ¡v {]nb-am-bXv kz´-ambn hym]m-chpw AXp-hgn km{am-Pyhpw t\SpI F¶-Xm-bn-cp-¶p. B{´-t¸À IpSpw-_-¯nsâ {]Xm-]-¯nsâ NnÓ-§Ä C¶pw Be-¸p-g-bnepw tNÀ¯-e-bnepw sIm¨n-bnepw addp-ambn ImWmw.

1545  ZnbmtKm s]tcc Ic-¸pdw amS-¼n-bm-bn. hwi-ip²n \ne-\nÀ¯m-hWw Znbm-t#mK s]tc-cbpw XpSÀ¶pÅ Ht¶m ct­m Xe-ap-dbpw t]mÀ¨p-K-en \n¶mWv hnhmlw sNbvX-Xv.  Imew t]msI Cu \m«n \n¶p Xs¶ hnhm-l-_Ôw Bhp-Ibpw {ItaW Xt±-io-b-cm-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp.  ]t£ t]mÀ¨p-K ]mc-¼-cyhpw tZi-§Ä Iog-S-¡m-\pÅ \mhn-Isâ P\n-X-I-taml-§fpw Xe-ap-d-I-fn-te¡v kw{I-an-¨n-cp-¶p.  t]mÀ¨pK-en\p tijw tIc-f-¯n F¯nb U¨p-Im-cpsS iàn-¡p- ap¼n t]mÀ¨p-Ko-kp-ImÀ Iog-S-§p-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p.  ae-¦-c-bn Xsâ cmPy-¯nsâ A[o-iXzw  Avh-km-\n-¡pI-bm-sW¶v Xncn-¨-dnª tlmÀankv Ahncm s]tccm ]pXn-b -`q-an-I-IÄ tXSn bm{X-bm-bn. amXyp B{´-t¸-dnsâ 5 a¡-fn _m¡n-bp-Å-hÀ Ic-¸pdw amS-¼n-am-cmbn \m«n X§n-b-t¸mÄ tlmÀankv t]m­n-t¨-cn-bn-se-¯n. {^©p-ImÀ t]m­n-t¨-cnsb X§-fpsS tImf-\n-bm-¡p-¶-Xphsc tlmÀankv AhnsS XpSÀ¶p. ]n¶oSv ]qXnb km-{am-Py-amb UotKm KmÀjy-bn-te-¡v.

t]mÀ¨q-Ko-kp-Im-cn XpS-§nb ]mÝm-Xy-i-àn-I-fpsS IS-¶p-h-c-hn\pw Ah-cptSXmb km{am-Pyhpw A[n-Im-chpw Øm]n-¡epw \nÀ_m[w XpSÀ¶p-h¶ \qd-dm-­p-I-fm-bn-cp¶p 14 apX 18 hsc.  `mc-X-¯n am{X-aà B{^n-¡-bnepw Bkvt{S-en-b-bnepw AS-¡-apÅ H«-t\Iw cmPy§Ä bqtdm-]y³ iàn-I-fpsS tImf-\n-I-fmbn amdn.  Fhn-sS-sbÃmw AhÀ A[n-Imcw Øm]n-¨pthm Ahn-sS-sbÃmw A¶p-hsc \ne-\n-¶n-cp¶p kwkvIm-c-t¯-bpw, ssPh-kw-kvIr-Xn-tbbpw Ncn-{X-t¯bpw A¸msS Xqs¯-dn-bp-I-bmWv sNbvX-Xv. ]Icw ]pXn-b -N-cn-{Xhpw ]pXnb kwkvIm-chpw \nÀ½n-¡-s¸-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p.  ap¼p-­m-bn-cp-¶-sXÃmw A[-ahpw \nIr-jvShpw AXn-\mÂXs¶ Ah Xncp-¯-s¸-tS-­-Xm-sW¶pw AhÀ hniz-kn-¨p.  X§Ä A[o-\-X-bn-em-¡nb Xt±-i-k-aq-l-t¯bpw A§ns\ hniz-kn-¸n-¨p.  {ItaW A[n-Im-cn-IÄ \nÀ½n-¡p-¶-XmWv bYmÀ° Ncn-{X-sa¶pw tZi-k-aq-l-¯n ]d-ªp-tI-«-sXÃmw sI«p-I-Y-I-fm-sW¶pw Htcm Xe-ap-d-tbbpw ]Tn-¸n-¨p.  {]mNo-\-am-bp-­m-bn-cp-¶Xv FÃmw X¨p-S-bv¡m\pw Ahsb Xe-ap-d-I-fpsS HmÀ½-I-fn \n¶p-t]mepw XpS-¨p-am-d-dm\pw Ah-bpsS Øm\¯v ]pXnb kXy-§Ä \nÀ½n¨p \ÂIm\pw A[n-\n-th-i-i-àn-IÄ F¡m-ehpw {i²n-¨n-cp-¶p.  AXp-sIm-­p-X-s¶-bmWv \qd-dm-­p-IÄ¡p tijw \½psS bYmÀ°-N-cn-{X-t¯bpw ]mc-¼-cy-t¯bpw \ap¡v Xncn-¨-dnbm³ Ign-bmsX t]mhp-¶-Xv. `mc-X-¯n-sâ, tIc-f-¯nsâ Ncn{Xw ]mivX-Nm-Xy-Nn-´-bpsS Nph-Sp-]n-Sn-¨v, Ah-cpsS ImgvN-¸m-Sp-Ifpw Af-hp-tIm-ep-Ifpw D]-tbm-Kn¨v \nÀ½n-¡-s¸« Ncn-{X-am-Wv.  t]m­n-t¨-cn-bp-tSbpw UotKm KmÀjy-bp-tSbpw Ncn-{Xhpw A§n-s\-X-s¶-bm-Wv.  \nÀ½n-¡-s¸-Sp¶ Ncn-{X-¯n \n¶v Ncn-{X-¯nsâ bYmÀ° Ah-Im-in-IÄ ]pd-´-Å-s¸-Sp-I-bmWv F¶ Xncn-¨-dn-hmWv AsÃ-¦n Ncn-{X-¯nsâ IÀ½-km-£n-I-fm-bn-cp-¶- ]qÀÆn-I-cpsS ss]XrI-kvar-Xn-IÄ P\n-X-I-t_m-[-§-fn DWÀ¯n-hn« Akz-Ø-X-I-fmWv B{´-t¸À Xe-ap-d-bnse hÀ¯-am-\-Im-e-¯nse Ah-km\ I®n-bmb {InÌn B{´-t¸-dnsâ bm{XIÄ¡pw Imc-W-am-hp-¶-Xv. hÀ¯-am-\-Im-e-bm-YmÀ°y-§-fpsS ]I shfn-¨-¯n\p t\tc a\-Ên-sâbpw Xsâ A[n-hm-k-ap-dn-bp-tSbpw hmXn-ep-IÄ sIm«n-b-S¨v Xs¶ kw_-Ôn¨v \nÝ-e-am-bn-t¸mb `qX-Im-e-¯nsâ Hcp _nµp-hn PohnXw Xf-¨n-S-s¸« hey-]-¸, tPmk^v B{´-t¸-dn \n¶v {InÌn B{´-t¸-dn-te-¡pÅ Zqcw Fgp-X-s¸-«n-«n-Ãm¯ Hcp Ncn-{X-¯nsâ ZqcamWv. AXv  A[n-\n-th-i-¯nsâ Ncn-{X-am-Wv, ]em-b-\-¯nsâ Ncn-{X-am-Wv, hwi-Øm-]-\-¯nsâ Ncn-{X-am-Wv, A[n-Imcw \jvS-s¸-Sp¶-hsâ Ncn-{X-amWv, NXn-¡p-gn-I-fpsS Ncn-{X-am-Wv. {InÌn-bn-se-¯p-t¼m-tg¡pw Ncn{Xw AXnsâ \ntbm-K-¯nsâ Hcp hr¯w ]qÀ¯n-bm-¡p-I-bm-Wv  AXp-sIm-­mWv Fgp-¯p-Im-csâ hy{K-X-bmÀ¶ a\Êv Imew {InÌn¡p \ÂIp-¶-Xv, ad¶p XpS-§nb ss]Xr-I-¯nsâ `mj ]Tn-¡m³ h³I-c-bn-se-¯p-¶-Xv, ]nXm-¡-·m-cpsS ]pkvX-I-¯n-eqsS ]nd-tIm«v k©-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. `qX-Im-e-¯n-eq-sS-bpÅ B bm{X, `qX-Im-e-¯n-se-hn-sStbm hn«p-t]m¶ Hcp Zim-k-Ôn-bmb hntÃmÀh-«-¯nsâ Xncp-ti-jn-¸mb hey-ho-«n-se-¯n-t¨-cp-¶-Xv. AsXmcp \ntbm-K-am-bn-cp-¶p. Ime-¯nsâ A\n-hm-cy-amb \ntbm-Kw. B \ntbm-Ks¯ Ncn-{X-¯nsâ Xa-Ø-en-I-fn \n¶pw DbnÀ¸n-s¨-Sp-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp¶p _\ym-an³, aª-sh-bn ac-W-§-fn-eq-sS.  Hcn-¡Â Ncn-{X-¯nsâ Øe-cm-in-IÄ¡-¸p-d¯v Xsâ hÀK-¯nsâ IpSn-e-X-IÄsIm­v XIÀs¯-dn-b-s¸« hntÃmÀh«w kzcq-]s¯ Hcp-]t£ c£n-t¡-­-Xm-bn-cp¶p F¶ Ahy-à-am-sbmcp Ipd-d-t_m[w B{´-t¸À Xe-ap-d-I-fpsS D]-t_m-[-a-\-Ên ]cn-Wm-a-hn-t[-b-am-bn-cp-¶n-cn-¡mw. DZ-bw-t]cqÀ ]Ån-ap-dd-¯p-h¨v sa\-kn-knsâ kÀh-kw-lm-cm-án-bn \n¶pw Ime-t¯bpw Ncn-{X-t¯bpw Ipsd-sbms¡ ZnbmtKm s]tcc kwc-£ns¨-Sp-¡p-¶p-­-tÃm. Kma ssIh-i-s¸-Sp-¯nb hntÃmÀh-«-¯nsâ A[n-Im-c-ZWvUv ZnbmtKm tXmam-cm-Pm-hn\v Xncn¨p \ÂIp-¶p-ap-­v. kp¶-l-tZm-kn-\p-tijw Iq\³Ip-cn-ip-k-Xy-¯n-te-¡pÅ Ime-¯n-\n-S-bn hntÃmÀh-«-¯nsâ AkvX-a-bhpw B{´-t¸-cnsâ DZ-b-hp-am-bn-cp-¶-tÃm. hntÃmÀh-«-t¯m-SpÅ ImcpWy¯n\v Znbm-tKmsb t{]cn-¸n-¨-sX-´mhmw? hntÃmÀh-«-hp-ambn Hcp _Ôp-Xz-¯n\v B{´-t¸À B{K-ln-¨n-cp-¶pthm? B{K-ln-¨n-cp-¶n-cn-¡-Ww. Ncn{Xw \S-¯msX t]mb B B{Klw Ime-¯nsâ Ips¯m-gp¡p IS¶v ho­pw \nhÀ¯namÀK-¯n-te-s¡-¯p-I-bm-Wv. ]t£ t]mÀ¨p-Ko-kp-ImÀ hntÃmÀh-«-t¯mSv sNbvX sImSpw-{Iq-c-X-bpsS im]-amhmw Hcp X\n-bm-hÀ¯\w t]mse B \ntbmKw k^-e-am-ImsX t]mhp-¶-Xv.

tIc-f-N-cn-{X-¯n-se-hn-sbtbm ad-ªp-In-S¶ Nne t\À¯ Cg-Isf F{X kaÀ°-am-bmWv _\ym-an³ ChnsS DuSpw ]mhpw \ÂIn s\bvsX-Sp-¯n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.  Bbn-c-¯m-­p-IÄ ae-¦-c-bnse \{km-Wn-I-fpsS Bßo-bhpw cmjv{So-bhpw Bb A[o-iXzw hln¨v ae-\m-Snsâ ssPh-kw-kvIrXn-bp-ambpw X\n-a-bp-ambpw H¯p-tNÀ¶v kmtlm-Z-cy-t¯m-sSbpw kl-hÀ¯n-Xz-t¯m-sSbpw Hcp cmP-hwiw \ne-\nÀ¯n-t]m¶ hntÃmÀh-«-s¯-¡p-dn¨v hkvXp-\n-jvThpw \njv]-£-hp-amb Ncn-{X-]-T\w C\n-sb-¦nepw D­m-hm³ aª-h-bn ac-W-§-fn _\ym-an³ tImÀ¯n« Cu ]¨-¸p-IÄ CS-bm-hs« F¶p Icp-Xp-¶p.